External cost

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外部成本:卖方和买方的交易中,产生外部成本,但双方都未负担而由他人负担的成本。以交通成本为例,当交通阻塞时,车流的速度慢下来,所以驾驶者需要花更多的时间去完成行程,甲的开车会增加乙的开车行程时间,所以甲开车的决定会使乙有外部成本。另外一个例子为噪音和空气污染,当车辆行驶时,驾驶员并没有因为车辆使用空气而付费,但是车辆排出品质低的空气,对他人的健康有损,驾驶员并没有付费给他人,所以他人负担开车人的外部成本。

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: 行走的孤狼 前台管理员
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Problem dynamics

Release time: 2016-08-08 00:00

Update time: 2016-08-08 00:00

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