最近在写流程,自己总结一下规划的内容 如下

1.什么是配送中心的设计及规划?
一个比较合适的规划是意在用较低的成本,满足客户所有功能要求,并且规划好的仓库能有计划的,根据客户的要求提供一定的服务水平.
运作中仓储规划的3个大方面 Facility Sizing, design, layout.
Facility Sizing 的目的是确定一个较优的设施面积来满足规划和运营的要求, 大家都知道,如果一个仓库太小,而且进出量不断增加, 必然会拥挤并有瓶颈. 但过大就是种浪费,所以,仓库的面积必须有计划的进行规划. 仓储面积成本的增加必须和当前可提供的业务增长之间保持平衡 . 移库和面积增加的成本和业务增加所增加的收入之间必须有个衡量. 否则也是得不偿失

facility design 的目的是根据运作的要求, 规划设施本身的结构. 如设计地面, 仓库高度, 门, 墙, 安全设备, 建筑设施的等级也必须考虑进去, 如, 危险品仓库,冷链仓库.

faility layout 的目的是布置仓库中的每一个作业单元并有益于运作的精益化. 主要考虑仓储中各环节实物流之间的关系. 其实这点,做过规划都会有所了解, 使搬运距离最小, 没有往返交叉, 并没有瓶颈, 其他的考虑如作业单元的面积需求满足, (接收,存储, Kitting作业区, 质检区, 包装区, 发运及办公室等) 这点SLP里有详细的介绍,有兴趣的朋友可以去看看

2. 如何规划
TOOLS :
用于规划设施面积, 设施设计, LAYOUT的工具如Spreadsheet (公司专门用于量化设计的EXCEL表) AutoCAD 经常被用于Layout 设计, Automod 是一种simulation 的工具,用于模拟设施的 throughput和bottlenecks

METHODOLOGY: 方法论
下面主要粘贴了分析步骤 , 我们规划的SPREEDSHEET主要是由以下几块组成.(虽然用起来麻烦,但能给人分析的步骤及方法---可用做新项目报价阶段,也可用在优化规划中
1) Collect data,
2) Verify data,
3) Determine the size required for each area in the facility by analyzing the data to determine how much space the various SKU’s will require for storage and how much space will be required for functions such as receiving, packing, shipping, etc.,
4) Determine overall facility size by adding required sizes for each department within the facility,
5) Spec out requirements for design of floors, ceilings, doors, walls, and safety features based on the purpose of the facility,
6) Lay out the configuration of the various areas in the facility to allow for efficient material flow and low congestion,
7) Test the design of the facility using simulation

在规划中,常会碰到什么数据是自己需要的, 该用什么数据, 数据怎么采集. 这在我刚入行的时候常有些疑问. 现在总结一下数据方面的流程

DATA REQUIREMENTS:

1) Goods handled – raw materials, intermediates, and finished goods
a) Number of lines
b) Unit loads – description (pallets, totes, roll cages, cartons, etc.)
i) Dimensions
ii) Weights
iii) Stack heights
c) Special features
i) Shelf life, hazards, fragility
ii) Sensitivity to height, light, humidity
iii) Compatibility
iv) Rotation, FIFO

2) Throughputs – goods in, goods out
a) For each line item
i) Maximum
ii) Minimum
iii) Average
iv) Growth trends and market forecasts

b) Patterns of movement
i) Time of day
ii) Seasonality
iii) Mixed loads in
iv) Mixed dispatches

3) Stocks – raw materials, intermediates, finished goods
a) For each line item
i) Stock levels
ii) Maximum
iii) Minimum
iv) Average
v) Stock policy

4) Order characteristics
a) Order frequency
i) Number per week
ii) Seasonal variations

b) Number of lines per order
c) Number of cases or units per order
d) Special orders – priority, special packaging or handling
e) Service level
f) Customer location
g) Size of market

5) Dispatch characteristics

a) Dispatch load sizes
b) Dispatch frequency
c) Dispatch hours
d) Method – palletized, boxed, roll cages, etc.
e) Vehicle capacities
f) Transport modes

6) Site and building (if existing)
a) Site
i) Location
ii) Ground characteristics
(1) Load bearing
(2) Slope
(3) Drainage
iii) Constraints
iv) Access
v) Prevailing wind
vi) Scope for expansion
vii) Area

b) Building
i) Dimensions
ii) Usable height
iii) columns – spacing and size
iv) doors
v) windows
vi) obstructions, e.g. service pipes and cables
vii) ramps
viii) floor heights / docks
ix) floor loading
x) offices and amenities
xi) services

7) Material handling equipment (MHE) characteristics
a) Types and characteristics
b) Quantities
c) Dimensions
d) Capacities
e) Operating data – speeds, synthetic data
f) Ergonomic considerations

8) Operations / Methods
a) Goods receipt
b) Checking
c) Reserve storage
d) Order selection / kitting
e) Staging
f) Packing
g) Q C checking
h) Loading

9) Ancillary activities – levels and space requirements for:
a) Order staging
b) Packaging, shrink wrapping, labeling
c) Package and label storage
d) Inspection
e) Pallets, boxes, roll cages
f) Returned goods
g) Waste handling
h) Maintenance
i) Amenities – wash, changing, vending
j) Facilities for outside drivers
k) Special activities, e.g. chilled storage services

10) Staff
a) Time required on different functions / activities
b) Synthetic data on working rates for different activities
c) Staff numbers and functions
d) Shift and overtime working patterns

11) Other factors
a) Security arrangements
b) Safety considerations and fire regulations
c) Insurance requirements
d) Environment – noise, lighting, temperature, humidity
e) Information systems and material identification
f) Stock control systems
g) Local or other planning constraints
h) Time constraints

12) Costs
a) Labor costs (including overhead)
b) Building costs
c) Utility costs
d) Equipment costs
e) Administration costs
f) Cost constraints
g) Government economic development programs
h) Depreciation policy – building and equipment lives
i) Money available, i.e. financial constraints
汇总了下,就这12条, Spreadsheet的数据分析及考量,主要根据这几大方面. 至于能否上传这类表式,由于每个公司文化不一样,而且都涉及机密,只能Share些考虑的侧重方面以供大家参考.
以上12小点只是粗略的汇总, 其实,每个方面都会有很细节的数据分析及数据基础,一定存在不全面,欢迎大家来补充.